CENTRAL ISLAND NATIONAL PARK

Location

Central Island National Park, a volcanic island located in the middle of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya, is a geological and ecological marvel. Known locally as Crocodile Island, it is part of a unique landscape defined by its rugged terrain, three crater lakes, and rich biodiversity. The park is remote and relatively untouched, offering an off-the-beaten-path adventure for intrepid travelers.

How To Get To Central Island National Park

Reaching Central Island National Park is an adventure in itself. The most common route involves flying from Nairobi to Lodwar, a town on the western shores of Lake Turkana, with several airlines offering regular flights. From Lodwar, visitors can hire a 4×4 vehicle to Kalokol, a small fishing village. Alternatively, one can drive from Nairobi, a journey that takes approximately two days and requires a sturdy 4×4 vehicle due to the rough terrain.

From Kalokol, the island is accessible by boat. Local fishermen often provide transportation across the lake, a journey that takes around two hours depending on the weather conditions. It’s advisable to arrange boat transport in advance through local tour operators or lodges in Lodwar to ensure safety and reliability.

Scenery

Central Island’s scenery is striking and otherworldly. The island rises dramatically from the jade waters of Lake Turkana, often referred to as the “Jade Sea” because of its unique color. The island’s volcanic origins are evident in its rugged landscape, with dark basaltic rocks contrasting sharply with the vibrant blue-green of the surrounding lake.

The Central island features three crater lakes: Crocodile Lake, Flamingo Lake, and Tilapia Lake. Each lake offers a distinct ecosystem and visual spectacle. Crocodile Lake, as the name suggests, is inhabited by a significant population of Nile crocodiles. Flamingo Lake is known for its algae-rich waters that attract large flocks of flamingos, creating a vibrant pink hue along its shores. Tilapia Lake, meanwhile, supports a thriving population of tilapia fish.

The panoramic views from the island’s highest points are breathtaking, offering sweeping vistas of Lake Turkana and the surrounding arid landscapes. Sunsets and sunrises are particularly spectacular, casting a golden glow over the island and its crater lakes.

Vegetation

The vegetation on Central Island is adapted to its arid and volcanic environment. The island’s flora is sparse and consists mainly of hardy, drought-resistant species. Scrubland and grassland dominate the landscape, interspersed with scattered acacia trees and shrubs. These plants have evolved to survive in the harsh, dry conditions, often with deep root systems and minimal foliage to reduce water loss.

Despite the seemingly harsh environment, the island supports a surprising diversity of plant life. Various grasses and herbs flourish in the fertile volcanic soil, particularly after the infrequent rains. These plants provide vital habitat and food sources for the island’s wildlife, contributing to the delicate ecological balance.

Birdlife In The Central Island National Park

Central Island National Park is a birdwatcher’s paradise, home to over 350 recorded bird species. The island’s unique habitats, including its crater lakes and scrublands, attract a wide variety of resident and migratory birds.

Notable Bird Species:

  • Lesser Flamingo: Flamingo Lake is a key habitat for lesser flamingos, which feed on the lake’s abundant blue-green algae. These striking birds are often seen in large flocks, their vibrant pink plumage creating a spectacular sight against the blue waters.
  • Great White Pelican: These large water birds are commonly seen around the island’s lakes, particularly Tilapia Lake, where they feed on the abundant fish.
  • African Fish Eagle: This majestic bird of prey is a common sight around Lake Turkana, often seen perched on the island’s rocky outcrops or soaring overhead.
  • Goliath Heron: The world’s largest heron species, the Goliath heron, is frequently spotted along the shores of the crater lakes, hunting for fish and other aquatic prey.
  • Nubian Nightjar: This elusive and nocturnal bird can be found in the island’s scrubland areas, blending seamlessly with its surroundings.

Other notable species include the Egyptian goose, pied kingfisher, and various species of plovers, sandpipers, and terns. The island’s birdlife is most active during the early morning and late afternoon, making these the best times for bird watching.

Main Attractions and Must-See Sights In The Central Island National Park

Central Island’s main attractions are its three crater lakes, each offering unique experiences and ecological insights.

  1. Crocodile Lake:
    • Must-See: The lake is home to one of the largest populations of Nile crocodiles in the world. Visitors can often spot these prehistoric reptiles basking on the shores or gliding through the water. Guided tours provide insights into the life cycle and behavior of these fascinating creatures.
    • Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon when crocodiles are most active.
  2. Flamingo Lake:
    • Must-See: This shallow, saline lake attracts large flocks of lesser flamingos, creating a stunning visual spectacle. The lake’s high salinity supports a thriving population of blue-green algae, the primary food source for the flamingos.
    • Best Time to Visit: During the migratory season (typically April to October) when flamingo populations peak.
  3. Tilapia Lake:
    • Must-See: Known for its rich fish populations, Tilapia Lake is a key feeding ground for numerous bird species. The lake’s tranquil waters and surrounding landscapes offer excellent opportunities for photography and bird watching.
    • Best Time to Visit: Year-round, with bird activity peaking during the early morning and late afternoon.
  4. Volcanic Landscapes:
    • Must-See: The island’s volcanic terrain, including its rugged cliffs, lava flows, and basaltic rock formations, offers a fascinating glimpse into the geological history of the region. Hiking trails allow visitors to explore these landscapes up close, with panoramic viewpoints providing stunning vistas of the island and Lake Turkana.
    • Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat of the day and enjoy the best lighting for photography.

Park Rules

To preserve the pristine environment and ensure the safety of both visitors and wildlife, Central Island National Park enforces several rules and regulations:

  1. No Littering: All visitors must carry out all litter. The park operates on a strict “Leave No Trace” policy to maintain its natural beauty.
  2. Respect Wildlife: Do not disturb or feed the wildlife. Maintain a safe distance, especially from the crocodiles, which can be dangerous if approached.
  3. Stay on Designated Trails: To minimize environmental impact, visitors should stay on marked trails and avoid trampling vegetation.
  4. No Fires: Open fires are prohibited to prevent wildfires. Cooking should be done using portable stoves.
  5. Camping: Camping is allowed only in designated areas. Visitors should check with park authorities for permitted camping spots and necessary permits.
  6. Boating Safety: When using boats to reach the island, ensure that they are in good condition and equipped with life jackets. Weather conditions on Lake Turkana can change rapidly, so it’s important to be prepared.
  7. Guided Tours: It is recommended to hire local guides for tours, as they are knowledgeable about the island’s terrain and wildlife, enhancing the visitor experience while ensuring safety.
  8. Photography and Filming: While photography is encouraged, commercial photography and filming require special permits from the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS).

Central Island National Park is a hidden gem in Kenya’s array of natural wonders. Its unique volcanic landscape, diverse birdlife, and the dramatic presence of Nile crocodiles make it a destination like no other. The island offers a raw and unfiltered connection to nature, providing visitors with an opportunity to experience the untouched beauty of Lake Turkana.

Despite its remote location, the adventure of getting there, combined with the breathtaking scenery and rich biodiversity, makes a visit to Central Island an unforgettable experience. Whether you’re a birdwatcher, a nature enthusiast, or simply seeking a unique travel adventure, Central Island National Park promises to deliver an unparalleled encounter with the natural world.

When planning your visit, remember to respect the park’s rules and guidelines to help preserve this incredible environment for future generations. Central Island awaits those willing to embark on an adventure into one of Kenya’s most extraordinary landscapes.